Alarming Rise in Dengue: Singapore Witnesses Doubling of Cases in Early 2024

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2006 Prof. Frank Hadley Collins, Dir., Cntr. for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Univ. of Notre Dame This 2006 photograph depicted a female Aedes aegypti mosquito while she was in the process of acquiring a blood meal from her human host, who in this instance, was actually the biomedical photographer, James Gathany, here at the Centers for Disease Control. You’ll note the feeding apparatus consisting of a sharp, orange-colored “fascicle”, which while not feeding, is covered in a soft, pliant sheath called the "labellum”, which retracts as the sharp stylets contained within pierce the host's skin surface, as the insect obtains its blood meal. The orange color of the fascicle is due to the red color of the blood as it migrates up the thin, sharp translucent tube. The fascicle is composed of a pair of needle-sharp "stylets". The larger of the two stylets, known as the "labrum", when viewed in cross-section takes on the shape of an inverted "V", and acts as a gutter, which directs the ingested host blood towards the insect's mouth. As the primary vector responsible for the transmission of the Flavivirus Dengue (DF), and Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the day-biting Aedes aegypti mosquito prefers to feed on its human hosts. Ae. aegypti also plays a major role as a vector for another Flavivirus, "Yellow fever". Frequently found in its tropical environs, the white banded markings on the tarsal segments of its jointed legs, though distinguishing it as Ae. aegypti, are similar to some other mosquito species. Also note the lyre-shaped, silvery-white markings on its thoracic region as well, which is also a determining morphologic identifying characteristic.

This female’s abdomen had become distended due to the blood meal she was ingesting, imparting the red coloration to her translucent abdominal exoskeleton.

Singapore faces a concerning uptick in dengue cases, with the figures from the first quarter of 2024 more than doubling compared to the same period last year. The National Environment Agency (NEA) has sounded an alarm, urging for “continued urgent action” to stem the tide of infections and prevent a potential surge as the year progresses.

A Worrisome Trend

The NEA’s latest data reveals a stark increase in dengue infections, with over 5,000 cases reported in just the first three months of 2024. This is a significant jump from the 2,360 cases recorded during the same timeframe in 2023, highlighting a growing public health concern.

Rising Fatalities

The dengue outbreak has also seen a rise in fatalities, with seven deaths attributed to the disease so far this year. This figure surpasses the total number of dengue-related deaths reported in all of 2023, which stood at six, underscoring the deadly potential of this year’s outbreak.

Launch of National Campaign

In response to the escalating situation, the NEA launched a national dengue prevention campaign on the last day of March. This preemptive move aims to galvanize the public and relevant stakeholders into action ahead of the traditional peak dengue season, which spans from May to October.

Persistent Mosquito Population

Compounding the challenge is the high Aedes aegypti mosquito population, the primary vector for the dengue virus. January saw a worrying doubling in the number of Aedes mosquito breeding habitats discovered in residential areas compared to the same month in the previous year.

As Singapore braces for the peak dengue season, the NEA’s call for urgent, collective action becomes more critical. The community’s proactive engagement in dengue prevention measures will be vital in curbing the spread of this potentially fatal disease.

Also learn about Battling Dengue: The Wolbachia Project in Singapore.

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